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Numerous other Scientologist-run organizations and companies come from the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which licenses making use of Hubbard's management teachings, and distributes directories of WISE-affiliated organizations. WISE needs those who want to end up being Hubbard management consults to finish training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers a Partner of Applied Science Degree.


Another popular WISE-affiliated business is e. Republic, a publishing business based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications include Government Innovation and Converge magazines. The Center for Digital Government is a division of e. Republic that was founded in 1999 - Scientology Perth opening. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology enterprise.


This area requires expansion. You can help by contributing to it. In order to assist in the continued growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the form of powerful or reputable individuals. Though it has obtained some reliability as a religious beliefs in lots of countries, Scientology has likewise been described as both a cult and an industrial business.

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For example, it has actually been kept in mind to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Level playing field individuals it perceives as its opponents. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were convicted for their involvement in the church's Operation Snow White, the largest theft of federal government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were also convicted of fraud, murder and damaging witnesses in French cases, malicious libel versus legal representative Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Religious beliefs in America, religious scholar Jacob Neusner specifies that Scientology's "high level of visibility" might be perceived as "threatening to established social institutions".


From 1952 up until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), established in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was incorporated in California on February 18, 1954, altering its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.

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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service removed all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, stating Scientology's activities were business and run for try this web-site the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology were in 52 nations by the time the 80s was available in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church took legal action against and lost repeatedly for 26 years attempting to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had initially demandedand the Internal Revenue Service recognized the church as a tax-exempt not-for-profit organization.




Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States government accepts it as a religion. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the incoming Barack Obama administration to investigate, as identified in an internet poll run by the presidential shift team obtaining public input for the incoming administration. is scientology a religion.

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State Department has slammed Western European nations for discrimination against Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Flexibility report, based upon the International go to my site Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with lawfully as a business enterprise, and not as a faith or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was granted a tax-exemption for the 10% license costs sent to the US. The word Scientology (and lots of associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a registered trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a hard line on individuals and groups who try to use it in methods unaffiliated with the official Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard designated Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of particular aspects of legal defense for the CoS in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was produced with its head workplace positioned at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Office (later on relabelled the Workplace of Special Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau weblink One later organized and committed among the biggest penetration of United States federal firms ever committed by an organization not affiliated with a foreign federal government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution described their actions as such: The criminal activity devoted by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope formerly unusual. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and prying. No person or organization was devoid of their despicable conspiratorial minds.

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The Church has also in the past made usage of aggressive techniques in addressing those it views as trying to suppress them, understood as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) first described by Hubbard as part of a policy called reasonable video game. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expos book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper known to have actually been dealt with by Cooper, Scientologists created bomb threats in her name. When fingerprints on them matched hers, the Justice Department began prosecution, which could have sent Cooper to jail for a prolonged term. The Church's strategy was discovered at the same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.